Studies have shown that scalp cooling has no impact on survival rates or will cause an increase risk of developing scalp metastases. A retrospective, multicentre cohort study conducted in 2014, found no effect of scalp cooling on survival among women with breast cancer. An American Systematic Review and meta-analysis conducted in 2017, showed no statistic difference in the incidence of scalp metastases in scalp cooled vs non-scalp-cooled patients.